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Compass
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Compass - If you are looking for other uses, see Compass (disambiguation).
classic compass orientation topographic

The compass is a tool for the identification of the cardinal points. It comes with a magnetized needle that, free to rotate on a pin, has the ability to align along the magnetic lines of Earth's field indicating the north-south direction (within the limits of error due to the magnetic declination).

The use of the compass is essential in the open sea, in vast areas where there are no reference points, as well as references to locate the presence of direction finding with respect to them. Used with a watch and a sextant is possible to have a very accurate navigation system. This tool has improved the navigation by facilitating maritime commerce and travel by sea making them safer and more efficient.

the compass can be associated with a sundial that lets you know the hour of sunshine during the day, simply by observing the shadow produced by the bar, perpendicular to the needle, after it was positioned to the north.

The compass takes its name from the wooden box of box that originally contained this instrument [1] [2].
Index
[hide] * 1 History

compass
* 2 Using a compass
* 3 Construction of a simple compass
* 4 Bushes from modern marine and terrestrial
orientation or 4.1 In the absence of the compass ...
* 5 Possible causes of errors

* 6 Notes * 7 References * 8 External links

* 9 See also

History Compass [edit]

The invention of the compass is attributed to the Chinese and the Vikings. They discovered that the Earth's magnetic field was used as a form of spectacle: Ex arrows were thrown randomly magnetized, as is done with the dice, and "magically" These were aligned to the north, impressing the audience. In the bushes was set free to rotate a needle that you always have in the north. Once we know the position of the north was then possible to identify the South as in the opposite direction, while the east and west, respectively, were to the right and left of the observer facing north. It is certain that the use of the compass as a navigational tool dates back to 1100 at the Chinese themselves. It was introduced in Europe in the twelfth century, probably by the Arabs: the first refers to the use of the compass in navigation in Western Europe is the De nominibus ustensilium Neckam Alexander (1180-1187) [3].

The legend has it that the compass was invented by Flavio Gioia of Amalfi stems from a misinterpretation of a Latin text, which referred only to the invention of the compass was attributed by the historian Flavio Biondo to Coast: the philologist Giambattista Pio understood however that the compass was invented dall'amalfitano Flavio Gioia. The text in question (in Campania Amalphia veterinary Magnetis usus inventus Flavio traditur), however, Flavio not be understood as the inventor of the compass, but only as one who reported the news: Flavio Biondo precisely [2] [4].
Using a compass [edit]
A scout uses a compass to indicate

addition to the north, the compass has the line azimuth. Putting the bush eye looking through the viewfinder and tilt "the support of the viewfinder so that you look through the azimuth line can be seen simultaneously with the lens are many degrees. Beside the compass is also the line with scale 1:50 '000 meters to record the map.
Construction of a simple compass [edit]
compass orientation It

magnetic pole, which can be constructed by aligning a rod of steel or iron with the magnetic field before or hardened strike repeatedly (this method, however, generates a very weak magnet and then ; should use another more effective). After a magnetic rod should put it on a low friction surface with which it can move to align with the Earth's magnetic field. Finally indicating the cardinal points you get a simple but functional compass.

The easiest way to build a compass is to magnetize a needle or a needle, then place it with gently on a small waterproof body and floating in a glass of water. The nearly frictionless water will rotate the needle aligned with the Earth's magnetic poles. Compasses
from modern marine and terrestrial guidance [edit]

modern compasses, especially nautical, crowns are made of swiveling on a pivot immersed in liquids of low density (one of the first was used alcohol) and enclosed spherical transparent domes. On the outside or top of the crown are the compass heading (0 º = North, 90 º = East, 180 ° = South, 270 ° = West), with intermediate degrees (Usually you get to five degrees lower grades to obscure the instrument). The device provides a reliable reading in this way despite the boat movements on three axes (roll, pitch and yaw). They consist of magnetic pole inside a capsule filled with a fluid, the fluid allows the auction to stop quickly without swinging in the direction of the magnetic north pole.
compass orientation and geology with mirror and clinometer

Other common characteristics of bushings that are held in their hands, are the possible presence of: *

a plate below, with a ruler to allow the measurement of distances on maps, while the same oriented;
* wrapped into a small meter rotating un'incastonatura that allows measurements to be made;
* a pointing mirror that allows the user to simultaneously see the compass needle and a distant object to be measured, sighting a viewfinder, the angle formed between user object and a cardinal point, generally north (azimuth);
* a clinometer, or plumb pendulum swinging on a scale to measure angles from the vertical, such as the layers geological
* a bubble or spirit level to make the tool flat.
* In some instruments the bearing scale is not external but is solidarity with the needle, so that sighting a distant point either directly read the azimuth.

Many modern compasses also allow an adjustment for magnetic declination, the difference between true north and magnetic pole, with a simple phase shift of the protractor scale.
In the absence of the compass ... [Edit]

Since ancient times humans had to solve the problem of orientation. During sunny days, just observe it. In fact, they noticed that the sun was rising towards the east and sets to the west. The South corresponds to the position of the sun at noon, and the North to the opposite position.

Considering this fact and using an analog clock, with pointers, synchronized on solar, it may also find the north by projecting the shadow of a straw in the center of the dial kept horizontally on the hour hand. The north / south will be given by bisecting the angle between the shadow and the line passing through the center of the clock to twelve o'clock.

use it, at night, even the stars. The North Star is always above for example of true north: we will be looking at her right arm to the east, west and behind the left we have the south.
Possible causes of errors [edit]

* The north magnetic pole does not correspond exactly to the geographic North Pole: the angle between the north magnetic and geographic north, called magnetic declination, which varies depending on location and over time. Therefore, to determine true north, the magnetic compass is subject to a systematic error, the greater the closer you get to the poles. In order to indicate true north, you can use a gyro compass.
* The presence of strong magnetic fields affect the correct detection of land north by a magnetic compass. The same happens if the compass is placed near metallic objects (in fact, the magnetic needle will point towards the metal).

Compass Aviation

* Other possible causes of failure are high acceleration or the inclination rate on the compass, for example in some aircraft applications. If a plane veers to the north, the compass, due to the change of inclination, at first wheel in the opposite direction from where the plane is turning, then begins to follow the turn to realign with the North only when the aircraft is straightened out, if the plane towards the south, the effect is the opposite: the first turn seems more pronounced and then, when the plane straightens, the compass back. However, if the plane flies mainly east or west, if you move the compass acceleration north, in the case of deceleration to the south. All this applies in the northern hemisphere (the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere).

Notes [edit]

1. ^ The compass - Treccani.it
2. ^ Ab Galeotta was the point - Sapere.it
3. ^ Kirsch, JP (1911). "Alexander of Neckam (Nechama). In: The Catholic Encyclopedia '. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved June 14, 2009 from New Advent: ([1])
4. ^ Clare Frugoni, Middle Ages on the nose. Glasses, buttons and other medieval inventions, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2007.

References [edit] Cardinal Point


* * Wind Rose
Gyro
* * * Orientation
Pixidis nautical
* Chiesuola

External links [edit]

Compass Guide * *
alleged invention of the compass

Other projects [edit]

* *

Wikimedia Commons Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related


Compass Compass (disambiguation)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Jump to: navigation, search
logo This is a disambiguation page to navigate between items of the same name or title.
If you arrived here from another page, please go back and fix the link to point directly to the intended article.
Index
[hide] * 1

Tools Tools

* 2 * 3 * 4 Architecture
Mechanics Astronomy

* 5 * 6 * 7 Personality
Company
* 8 See also

Tools [edit]

* Compass, you need to know the compass points North, South, East and West.
* Gyro, compass-type gyro

Tools [edit]

* Compass (mechanics), hex or polygonal, to be used in conjunction with a tool.
or wrench sockets, key that allows the use of compasses

Architecture [edit]

* Compass (architecture)

Mechanics [edit]

* bush or bush, this component is also known by the name of bush.

Astronomy [edit]

* Compass (constellation) or
of stars in the Compass
or non-stellar objects in the constellation of Personality Compass

[edit]

* Dionigi Bussola

Company [edit]

* La Bussola Versilia local historian, opened in the fifties and famous for seeing exhibitions and launches Italian and international music stars

References [edit]

* From Compass, music album
* The Golden Compass, the 1996 novel by Philip Pullman * The Golden Compass
(film), 2007 film based on the novel


Compass (mechanical)
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bihexagonal double hex square drive 1 / 2 inch
Compass insulated with 13 mm hex square drive 1 / 2 inch
Compass hex square drive 1 / 4 inch

The compass (socket in the mechanical lingo international English) is a key-like cylinder of various sizes made of steel, one end has a hexagonal or polygonal profile socket and takes the object to rotate, the other is female square plug (usually 1 inch, 3 / 4 ", 1 / 2 ", 3 / 8", 1 / 4 ") and welcomes the special tool that you will use to rotate. The torque can be exercised as the result of forces applied on the edges or the faces of the nuts and bolts of construction depending on the geometry of the profile. It is preferable to exercise the power on the faces instead of edges to transmit more torque and protect them from premature wear, the profile shape for this purpose is said to full contact. The polygonal shape allows easier placement and sometimes angled. There are models for octagonal square profile and square nuts.

compasses are widely used in engineering. These are called metric or imperial, depending on whether their measures are expressed in metric units (usually millimeters) or imperial (usually inches). It is fitted with ratchets and wrenches on both compressed air driven tools is key to a T, with extensions and extenders cardan joints to work in awkward positions or cramped places. Several adapters let you use them up with keys under attack from other dimensions. They are very robust and produce considerable twisting forces without damaging the nut. They are also sold in convenient case (set) with a number of measures, ratchet, extension joints. Some are coated with an insulating material for use in the electricity sector. The tool for manipulating it can be: *

wrench: looks like the common key, but ends with square instead of male beak or key ring
* T: Long key usually articulated at one end that ends with square or male with welded sleeve at the other extreme grip T. The handle is a steel bar, usually removable, which runs in a loop. It is widely used to get nuts in tight spots or inside pipes
* Ratchet: it has a reversible mechanism that allows you to use force in one direction and turn in the trip-free, so as to rotate easily without removing the sleeve from the nut and reposition it at every turn
* wrench: similar to ratchet it allows you to adjust the torque, is very expensive
* key crank or elbow is held with both hands and can be rotated very quickly, however, is cumbersome and needs space to be operated
* grip screwdriver: it is essentially the same as a screwdriver, but ends with square male


Contents [hide] * 1

Compass Crowfoot * 2
Bush for oil filter
* 3 References * 4 External links


Compass Crowfoot [edit] Compass
Crowfoot

uncommon, is closer to a key ring that a compass but fall into this category and is operated with the same tools. It is almost always operated by a third line extension since the use would not offer advantages over traditional keys. Its semicircular shape is low profile, or a hex broken and can squeeze into tight spaces where a normal compass would not ease. The attack framework for the tool but is not coax side, it alters the length of the lever arm and therefore the torque when used with the wrench.
Bush for oil filter [edit]
Bush for oil filter

Also called key to bowl, is wider, lower and grafted on the polygonal head of the oil filter used in the engine lubrication in the crankcase (except engines sump pump). It is made in various shapes and sizes to fit large series of filters, they vaguely cylindrical shape whose top is knitted polygonal profile and can be used as a grip area to rotate, but their housing is of sheet metal and light easily destroyed when the tightening is over. In this case, the key to bowl becomes moot, and must proceed with more drastic methods.
References [edit]

* Key (mechanical)
* Workshop (Mechanical)
Compass (architecture)
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The compass is an architectural building access consists of an enclosed area separated by two doors, one that gives access to the outside and one that gives the building where is placed.

is a very widespread in the churches, where the compass, usually made of wood, creating a small access area built inside of it.

The compass is also an inevitable element in the bank buildings where, in reinforced anti-theft and anti-burglary, with a metal detector to control the entry of weapons, regulates access guest (usually a person at a time) to the indoors.

Compass (constellation)
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Compass constellation Pyxis constellation map.png Map

▼ expand
See the image of the constellation
Pyx.png
compass image
Latin name
Genitive

Pyxis
Pyxidis
Abbreviation Pyx
Coordinates

ascension 9 h Declination -30 °

Total area 221 square degrees

visible from Earth observation data
- Latitude
Minimum - Maximum Latitude
- Transit to
meridian 50 ° -90 °

March
main
Stella - Magnitude app. α Pyx
3.68
Other stars
- Magnitude app. \u0026lt;3
- Magnitude app. \u0026lt;6
No
18
meteor showers

None
Bordering constellations
From the east, clockwise:

* Hydra
Poppa
* * * Sails
Antlia

Compass (Latin Pyxis) is a constellation Southern child, introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille under the name Pyxis Nautica. It is sometimes considered to be the compass of the ship Argo, although the ancient Greeks certainly did not use compasses to navigate; But it seems that its faint stars were considered in antiquity as the mast of the ship.
Index
[hide] * 1 Features



of stars or 1.1 or 1.2 or 1.3
Double Stars Variable Stars
* 2 deep-sky objects

planetary systems * 3 * 4 * 5 Bibliography Notes

* 6 Other projects

Features [edit] Explanation of Nave Argo
by Johann Hevelius.

The Compass is a small and obscure constellation at the edge of the luminous wake of the Milky Way, east and north the stern of Sails, occupies a region of sky particularly striking barren, while the background is full of stars from the seventh magnitude, especially on the southwest side. The shape of the constellation is outlined by three stars of the third and fourth magnitude, aligned in a north-south, it is inherently very luminoisi three stars, but their great distance will decrease the brightness. In addition to these there are some stars of fifth magnitude. This is the smallest part that has been divided the ancient constellation of Argo, and in particular its nomenclature Bayer is completely independent, unlike the other three constellations being once part of the ship.

The best time for your observation in night sky is between the months of January and May, from the northern hemisphere its detection is difficult because of its southern declination moderately, while from the southern hemisphere is more easily traced. In both cases you must still dark skies and pollution, possibly without the Moon.
of stars [edit] Main article
Main article: List of stars in the Compass.

* α Pyxidis, sometimes known as Al Sumut, is a giant blue magnitude of 3.68, that is 845 years light.
Pyxidis β * is a yellow giant of 3.97 mag, that is 388 years light. * Γ
Pyxidis is an orange giant of magnitude 4.02, that is 209 years light.

Double Stars [edit]

The constellation contains several double stars rather large.

Pyxidis α * The eighth magnitude companion has a well-resolved even with binoculars through the separation of more than 1.5 arc-minutes, but in reality it is not a physical system, but only prospectively. * The Pyxidis
ζ is a yellow star of fifth magnitude which has a tenth-magnitude companion, although their separation is almost a first arc, the low brightness of the secondary component causes it to be observable only with an amateur telescope .

Main double stars [1] [2]
Name
time J2000.0 equatorial coordinates
Magnitude

separation (in arcseconds)
Color
AR

Dec
AB
ζ Pyxidis 08h 39m 43s -29 ° 33 '39 "10.0 5.51 52.3 g α + g
Pyxidis 08h 43m 36s -33 ° 11' 11" 3.68 8.05 98 g + azz
HD 77737 09h 03m 16s -33 ° 36 ' 02 "7.15 8.16 b 13.7 + b ε
Pyxidis 09h 09m 57s -30 ° 21 '55" 5.56 9.25 b 17.8 + b
Variable Stars [edit]

Variable stars Compass are generally unobtrusive, with the exception of some eclipsing variable, such as TY and VV Pyxidis Pyxidis, both oscillating between the sixth and seventh magnitude, and easily visible even with small binoculars, in both phases of maximum those in the least. Main
variable stars [3] [1] [2]
Name
time J2000.0 equatorial coordinates
Magnitude

Period (days) Type

AR

Dec
Max Min
S Pyxidis 09h 05m 05s -25 ° 05 '20 "8.0 14.3 206.10 Mireide
TY Pyxidis 08h 59m 43s -27 ° 58' 49" 6.85 7.50 3.1986 Eclipse
UZ Pyxidis 08h 46m 36s -29 ° 43 '41 "100 6.99 7.47: semiregular (carbon stars)
VV Pyxidis 08h 27m 33s -20 ° 50' 38" 6.57 7.05 4.5962 Eclipse
Objects deep sky [edit] Main article
Main article: Non-stellar objects in the constellation of the Compass.

Despite the partial presence of the Milky Way, the constellation does not contain galactic objects particularly striking.

Among open clusters is the only affordable for small tools is NGC 2627, which contienene some stars of the tenth and eleventh magnitude. Main
non-stellar objects [4] [5] [2]
Name
J2000.0 equatorial coordinates at the time
Type Magnitude

apparent size (in arcminutes)
Names
AR

Dec
NGC 2613 08h 33m 23s -22 ° 58 '23 "10.6 7.2 Galaxy
x 1.8 NGC 2627 08h 37m 14s -29 ° 57 '01 "11 8.4 Open cluster Planetary Systems
[edit]

Among the stars with planetary systems confirmed the constellation is a red dwarf star located only 29 years light from the sun, Gliese 317, confirmed the star has a planet with a mass greater than that of Jupiter orbiting at a distance similar to that which exists between the Earth and the Sun plus a second unconfirmed planet at a distance greater.
planetary systems [1]
System Name
time J2000.0 equatorial coordinates

Magnitude

type star
number of confirmed planets

AR

Dec
HD 73267 08h 36m 18s -34 ° 27 '36 "Nana yellow 8.90 1 (b) HD 73256
08h 36m 23s -30 ° 02 '15" Nana yellow 8.08 1 (b) Gliese 317
08h 40m 59s -23 ° 27' 23 "12.0 red dwarf 2 (b - c)
Notes [edit]

1. ^ Abc Result for Various objects. SIMBAD. Retrieved on June 4, 2009.
2. ^ Abc Alan Hirshfeld, Roger W. Sinnott, Sky Catalogue 2000.0: Volume 2: Double Stars, Variable Stars and NonstellarObjects, Cambridge University Press, aprile 1985. ISBN 0-521-27721-3
3. ^ The International Variable Stars Index - AAVSO in Results for various stars. URL consultato il 20 giugno 2009.
4. ^ The NGC/IC Project Public Database in Results for various objects. URL consultato il 20 giugno 2009.
5. ^ NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database in Results for various stars. URL consultato il 20 ottobre 2006.

Bibliografia [modifica]

* (EN) Michael E. Bakich, The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations, Cambridge University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-521-44921-9
* (EN) Milton D. Heifetz; Wil Tirion, A Walk through the Heavens: A Guide to Stars and Constellations and Their Legends, Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-54415-7 *
AA.VV., Astronomy - From the Earth to the edge of the Universe, Fabbri Editori, 1991. Other

[edit] Commons

* *

Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to Compass (constellation)

Dionigi Bussola
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Dionigi Bussola, Monument to St. Charles Borromeo in Milan.

or Dionysius Dionysius Compass (New York, 1615 - Milan, September 15, 1687) was an artist, painter and sculptor Italian.

operates mainly in Lombardy where he was probably born in 1615. His artistic training took place in Rome where he stayed for a long time: there he studied at the Academy of St. Luke and learned the ropes by Ercole Ferrata. Upon his return to Milan, he continued his work until, in 1645, and in 1658 became the statuary of the Venerable Protostatuario Fabbrica del Duomo in Milan.

few years earlier, was born in 1653, his son Cesare in Milan that will follow in the footsteps of his father also became a sculptor and painter.

Among the works that are preserved to this author at the Cathedral of Milan, it is appropriate to recall the state of San Martin and St. Andrew as well as the vault of the Chapel of Our Lady of the Tree.

moved from Milan, but never permanently leave the factory in Milan, to operate the Shrine of Saronno, in the Certosa di Pavia, for which he carved bas-reliefs depicting the Birth of Christ and the Massacre of the Innocents and the Sacred Mountain of Orta Varallo , Varese and Domodossola.
Index
[hide] * 1

His work for the Sacred Mountains

Bibliography * 2 * 3 References * 4 External links


His work for the Sacred Mountains [edit] The work of this

artist achieved his amazing results during the period when he worked at the Sacred Mountains leaving behind it a heritage of great value.

at the Sacred Mountain of Varallo took care to shape the figures of Paradise in the dome of the Assumption.
A group of statues to the Sacro Monte d'Orta
group of cardinals

As for my time to Domodossola was invited by John Matthew Capis, who promoted the construction of the Sacro Monte Calvario, at the suggestion of the painter Carlo craveggese Mellerio, and chapels Sacro Monte worked from about 1660 until about 1684, performing many statues

* the complex of "Christ died" in the fourteenth station,
* "Christ dying on the Cross" with the figures that surround him in the chapel XII,
* The group of the "Deposition" in XIII chapel
* "Jesus' meeting with the mother" in the fourth chapel,
* "Jesus takes up his cross" in the second chapel,
* Some statues in the chapel of the "Paradise"
* "The Risen Christ" and the statues in the Shrine of the Prophets,
* "The Angel advertiser" and "The Virgin" in the Holy House of Loreto.

the Sacro Monte Varese group performed the Chapel of the Crucifixion for the tenth. The greatest testimony

was left to the Sacred Mount of Orta, where the terracotta statues modeled by the artist, more than one hundred only in XX chapel from which it derives photos this page, there are about 51.
Bibliography [edit]

* Jane Turner (ed.), The Dictionary of Art 5, pp. 296-297. New York, Grove, 1996. ISBN 1884446000

References [edit]

* Certosa di Pavia Milan Cathedral

* * *
Sacro Monte Sacro Monte di Domodossola Sacro Monte di Orta
* *
Sacro Monte di Varese