Compass Compass
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Compass
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Compass - If you are looking for other uses, see Compass (disambiguation).
classic compass orientation topographic
The compass is a tool for the identification of the cardinal points. It comes with a magnetized needle that, free to rotate on a pin, has the ability to align along the magnetic field lines indicating the earth's north-south direction (within the limits of error due to the magnetic declination) .
The use of the compass is essential in the open sea, in vast areas where there are no reference points, as well as references to locate the presence of direction finding with respect to them. Used with a watch and a sextant is possible to have a very accurate navigation system. This tool has improved the navigation easier maritime trade and sea travel by making them safer and more efficient.
the compass can be associated with a sundial that lets you know the hour of sunshine during the day, simply by observing the shadow produced by the bar, perpendicular to the needle, after it was positioned to the north.
The compass takes its name from the wooden box of box that originally contained this instrument [1] [2].
Index
[hide] * 1 History
compass
* 2 Using a compass
* 3 Construction of a simple compass
* 4 Bushes from modern marine and terrestrial orientation
or 4.1 In the absence of the compass ...
* 5 Possible causes of errors
* 6 Notes * 7 References * 8 External links
* 9 See also
History Compass [edit]
The invention of the compass is attributed to the Chinese and the Vikings. They discovered that the Earth's magnetic field was used as a form of spectacle: Ex arrows were thrown randomly magnetized, as is done with the dice, and "magically" These were aligned to the north, impressing the audience. In the bushes was set free to rotate a needle that you always have in the north. Once we know the position of the north was it identify the South as in the opposite direction, while the east and west were, respectively, to the right and left of the observer facing north. It is certain that the use of the compass as a navigational tool dates back to 1100 at the Chinese themselves. It was introduced in Europe in the twelfth century, probably by the Arabs: the first refers to the use of the compass in navigation in Western Europe is the De nominibus ustensilium Neckam Alexander (1180-1187) [3].
The legend has it that the compass was invented by Flavio Gioia of Amalfi stems from a misinterpretation of a Latin text, which referred only to the invention of the compass was attributed by the historian Flavio Biondo to Coast: the philologist Giambattista Pio understood however that the compass was invented dall'amalfitano Flavio Gioia. The text in question (in Campania Amalphia veterinary Magnetis usus inventus Flavio traditur), however, do not understand Flavio as the inventor of the compass, but only as one who reported the news: Flavio Biondo precisely [2] [4].
Using a compass [edit]
A scout uses a compass to indicate
addition to the north, the compass has the line azimuth. Putting the bush eye looking through the viewfinder and tilt "the support of the viewfinder so that you look through the line azimuth can be seen simultaneously with the lens are many degrees. Beside the compass is also the line with scale 1:50 '000 meters to record the map.
Construction of a simple compass [edit]
compass orientation should
magnetic pole, which can be constructed by aligning a rod of steel or iron with the magnetic field before or hardened strike repeatedly (this method, however, generates a very weak magnet, and then it is advisable to use another more effective). After a magnetic rod should put it on a low friction surface with which it can move to align with the magnetic field land. Finally indicating the cardinal points you get a simple but functional compass.
The easiest way to build a compass is to magnetize a needle or a needle, then place it gently on a small waterproof body and floating in a glass of water. The nearly frictionless water will rotate the needle aligned with the Earth's magnetic poles. Compasses
from modern marine and terrestrial guidance [edit]
modern compasses, especially nautical, crowns are made of swiveling on a pivot immersed in liquids of low density (one of the first was used alcohol) and enclosed spherical transparent domes. On the outside or top of the crown are the compass heading (0 º = North, 90 º = East, 180 ° = South, 270 ° = West), with intermediate degrees (usually you get to five degrees lower grades would make it unreadable the instrument). The device provides a reliable reading in this way despite the boat movements on three axes (roll, pitch and yaw). They consist of magnetic pole inside a capsule filled with a fluid, the fluid allows the auction to stop quickly without swinging in the direction of the magnetic north pole.
compass orientation and geology with mirror and clinometer
Other common characteristics of bushings that are held in their hands, are the possible presence of: *
a plate below, with a ruler to allow the measurement of distances on maps, maintaining the same oriented;
meters * a small wound within rotating un'incastonatura that allows measurements to be made;
* pointing mirror that allows a user to simultaneously see the compass needle and a distant object to measure, pointing a crosshair, the angle formed between the user the subject and a cardinal point, generally north (azimuth);
* a clinometer, or plumb pendulum swinging on a scale to measure inclinations from the vertical, such as geological strata;
* a bubble or spirit level to make the tool flat.
* In some instruments the bearing scale is not external but is integral with the needle, so that sighting a distant point either directly read the azimuth.
Many modern compasses also allow an adjustment for magnetic declination, the difference between true north and magnetic pole, with a simple phase shift of the protractor scale.
In the absence of the compass ... [Edit]
Since ancient times humans had to solve the problem of orientation. During sunny days, just observe it. In fact, they noticed that the sun was rising towards the east and sets to the west. The South corresponds to the position of the sun at noon, and the North to the opposite position.
Considering this fact and using an analog clock, with hands, synchronized on solar, it may also find the north by projecting the shadow of a straw in the center of the dial kept horizontally on the hour hand. The north / south will be given by bisecting the angle between the shadow and the line passing through the center of the clock to twelve o'clock.
use it, at night, even the stars. The North Star is always above for example of true north: we will be looking right arm to the east, west and behind the left we have the south.
Possible causes of errors [edit]
* The north magnetic pole does not correspond exactly to the geographic North Pole: the angle between magnetic north and true north, called magnetic declination, which varies depending on location and over time . Therefore, to determine true north, the magnetic compass is subject to a systematic error, the greater the closer you get to the poles. In order to indicate true north, you can use a gyro compass.
* The presence of strong magnetic fields affect the correct detection Earth's north by a magnetic compass. The same happens if the compass is placed near metallic objects (in fact, the magnetic needle will point towards the metal).
Compass Aviation
* Other possible causes of failure are high acceleration or the inclination rate on the compass, for example in some aircraft applications. If a plane veers to the north, the compass, due to the change of inclination, at first wheel in the opposite direction from where the plane is turning, then begins to follow the turn to realign with the North only when the aircraft is straightened out, if the plane towards the south, the effect is the opposite: the first turn seems more pronounced and then, when the plane straightens, the compass back. However, if the plane flies mainly east or west, in the case of acceleration the compass moves northward, in the case of deceleration to the south. All this applies in the northern hemisphere (the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere).
Notes [edit]
1. ^ The compass - Treccani.it
2. ^ Ab Galeotta was the point - Sapere.it
3. ^ Kirsch, JP (1911). "Alexander of Neckam (Nechama). In: The Catholic Encyclopedia '. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved June 14, 2009 from New Advent: ([1])
4. ^ Clare Frugoni, Middle Ages on the nose. Glasses, buttons and other medieval inventions, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2007.
References [edit] Cardinal Point
* * * Wind Rose
Gyro Orientation
* * * Pixidis nautical
Chiesuola
External links [edit]
* Guide * The alleged invention of the compass
Compass Compass (disambiguation)
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logo This is a disambiguation page to navigate between items of the same name or title. If you arrived here from
another page, please go back and fix it to point directly to the intended article.
Index
[hide] * 1
Tools Tools
* 2 * 3 * 4 Architecture
Mechanics Astronomy
* 5 * 6 * 7 Personality
Company
* 8 See also
Tools [edit]
* Compass, you need to know the compass points North, South, East and West.
* Gyro, compass-type gyro
Tools [edit]
* Compass (mechanics), hex or polygonal, to be used together with a tool.
or key bushings, key that allows the use of compasses
Architecture [edit]
* Compass (architecture)
Mechanics [edit]
* bush or bush, this component is also known as the bush .
Astronomy [edit]
* Compass (constellation) or
of stars in the Compass
or non-stellar objects in the constellation of Personality Compass
[edit]
* Dionigi Bussola
Company [edit]
* The historical
Compass Local Versilia, which opened in the fifties and famous for seeing exhibitions and launches Italian and international music stars
References [edit]
* From Compass, music album
* The Golden Compass, the 1996 novel of
Philip Pullman * The Golden Compass (film), 2007 film based on the novel
Compass (mechanical)
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bihexagonal double hex square drive 1 / 2 inch
Compass insulated with 13 mm hex square drive 1 / 2 inch
Compass hex square drive 1 / 4 inch
The compass (in the socket mechanical jargon international English) is a key-like cylinder of various sizes made of steel, one end has a hexagonal or polygonal profile socket and takes the object to rotate, the other is female square plug (usually 1 inch, 3 / 4 ", 1 / 2", 3 / 8 ", 1 / 4") and welcomes the special tool that you will use to rotate. The torque can be exercised as the result of forces applied on the edges or the faces of the nuts and bolts of construction depending on the geometry of the profile. It is preferable to exercise the power on the faces instead of edges to transmit more torque and protect them from premature wear, the profile shape for this purpose is said to full contact. The polygonal shape allows easier placement and sometimes angled. There are models for octagonal square profile and square nuts.
compasses are widely used in engineering. These are called metric or imperial, depending on whether their measures are expressed in metric units (usually millimeters) or imperial (usually inches). It is fitted with ratchets and wrenches on both compressed air driven tools is key to a T, with extensions and extenders cardan joints to work in awkward positions or cramped places. Various adapters allow you to use them with square keys on other dimensions. They are very robust and produce considerable twisting forces without damaging the nut. They are also sold in convenient case (set) with a number of measures, ratchet, extension joints. Some are coated with an insulating material for use in the electricity sector. The tool for manipulating it can be: *
wrench: looks like the common key, but ends with square instead of male beak or key ring
* T: Long key usually articulated at one end that ends with square male or welded sleeve at the other extreme grip T. The handle is a steel bar, usually removable, flowing in a loop. It is widely used to get nuts in tight spots or inside pipes
* Ratchet: it has a reversible mechanism that allows you to use force in one direction and turn in the trip-free, so as to rotate with ease sleeve without removing it from the nut and reposition it at every turn
* wrench: similar to ratchet it allows you to adjust the torque, is very expensive
* key crank or elbow is held with both hands and can be rotated very quickly, however, is cumbersome and needs space to be operated handle
* screwdriver: it is essentially the same as a screwdriver, but ends with square male
Index
[hide]
* 1 * 2
Crowfoot compass compass oil filter
* 3 References * 4 External links
Compass Crowfoot [edit] Compass
Crowfoot
uncommon, is closer to a key ring that a compass, however, fall into this category and is operated with the same tools. It is almost always operated by a third line extension since the use would not offer advantages over traditional keys. Its semicircular shape is low profile, or a hex broken and can squeeze in tight spaces where a normal compass would not ease. The attack framework for the tool but is not coax side, it alters the length of the lever arm and therefore the torque when used with the wrench.
Bush for oil filter [edit]
Bush for oil filter wrench that also
bowl is wider, lower and grafted on the polygonal head of the oil filter used in the engine lubrication in the crankcase (excluding the engines sump pump). It is made in various shapes and sizes to fit large series of filters; they vaguely cylindrical shape whose top is knitted polygonal profile and can be used as a grip area to rotate, but their housing is lightweight sheet metal and is destroyed easily when the tightening is over. In this case, the key to bowl becomes moot, and must proceed with more drastic methods.
References [edit]
* Key (mechanical)
* Workshop (mechanical)
wrench sockets
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ratchet wrench for sockets
The key to is a sleeve type key used to rotate the sleeves and is also called key bushings.
usually takes the form of plastic or metal handle bar with the ends of which there is an attack when grafted under the corresponding tang of the compass. The attack is uniform in size, 1 inch, 3 / 4 ", 1 / 2", 3 / 8 ", 1 / 4" and often have a side bead spring to hold the compass.
Examples of sleeves are the keys to ratchets and wrenches.
History [edit]
was invented by Joe Johnson, employed by a company of mechanical tools in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (USA). He set up together with my colleague William Seidemann the Snap-on Wrench Company to market his invention and had considerable success. Today the company is called Snap-on Inc. is headquartered in Kenosha, Wisconsin (USA) and is among the most important tools in the manufacturing sector of American mechanics. Other
[edit] Commons
* *
Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to wrench sockets
Compass (architecture)
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The compass is an architectural element consisting of access to buildings from an enclosed environment separated by two doors, one that gives access to the outside and one that gives the building where it is placed.
is a very widespread in the churches, where the compass, usually made of wood, creating a small access area built inside of it.
The compass is also an inevitable element in the bank buildings where, in reinforced anti-theft and anti-burglary, with a metal detector to control the entry of weapons, controls the access of customers (usually a person at a time ) to the indoors.
Compass (constellation)
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Compass constellation Pyxis constellation map.png Map
▼ expand
See the image of the constellation
Pyx.png
compass image
Latin name
Genitive
Pyxis
Pyxidis
Abbreviation Pyx
Coordinates
ascension 9 h Declination -30 °
Total area 221 square degrees
visible from Earth observation data
- Latitude
Minimum - Maximum Latitude
- Transit
the meridian 50 ° -90 °
March
main
Stella - Magnitude app. α Pyx
3.68
Other stars
- Magnitude app. \u0026lt;3
- Magnitude app. \u0026lt;6
No
18
meteor showers
None
Bordering constellations
From the east, clockwise:
* Hydra
Poppa
* * * Sails
Antlia
Compass (Latin Pyxis) is a minor southern constellation introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille under the name Pyxis Nautica. It is sometimes considered to be the compass of the ship Argo, although the ancient Greeks certainly did not use compasses to navigate, but it seems that its faint stars were considered in antiquity come l'albero maestro della nave.
Indice
[nascondi]
* 1 Caratteristiche
o 1.1 Stelle principali
o 1.2 Stelle doppie
o 1.3 Stelle variabili
* 2 Oggetti del cielo profondo
* 3 Sistemi planetari
* 4 Note
* 5 Bibliografia
* 6 Altri progetti
Caratteristiche [modifica]
Illustrazione della Nave Argo ad opera di Johann Hevelius.
La Bussola è una piccola e oscura costellazione situata ai margini della scia luminosa della Via Lattea, ad est della Poppa e a nord delle Vele; occupa una regione di cielo particolarmente povera di stelle appariscenti, mentre lo sfondo è full of stars from the seventh magnitude, especially on the southwest side. The shape of the constellation is outlined by three stars of the third and fourth magnitude, aligned in a north-south, it is inherently very luminoisi three stars, but their great distance will decrease the brightness. In addition to these there are some stars of fifth magnitude. This is the smallest part that has been divided the ancient constellation of Argo, and in particular its nomenclature Bayer is completely independent, unlike the other three constellations being once part of the ship.
The best time for your observation in night sky is between the months of January and May, from the northern hemisphere its detection is difficult because of its southern declination moderately, while from the southern hemisphere is more easily traced. In both cases you must still dark skies and pollution, possibly without the Moon.
of stars [edit] Main article
Main article: List of stars in the Compass.
* α Pyxidis, sometimes known as Al Sumut, is a giant blue magnitude of 3.68, that is 845 years light. * Β is
Pyxidis a yellow giant of 3.97 mag, that is 388 years light.
Pyxidis γ * is a giant orange magnitude of 4.02, that is 209 years light.
Double Stars [edit]
The constellation contains several double stars rather large.
Pyxidis α * The eighth magnitude companion has a well-resolved even with binoculars through the separation of more than 1.5 arc-minutes, but in reality it is not a physical system, but only prospectively. * The Pyxidis
ζ is a yellow star of fifth magnitude which has a tenth-magnitude companion, although their separation is of nearly 1 arc-minute, low luminosity of secondary component causes it to be observable only with an amateur telescope. Main
double stars [1] [2]
Name
time J2000.0 equatorial coordinates
Magnitude
separation (in arcseconds)
Color
AR
Dec
AB
ζ Pyxidis 08h 39m 43s -29 ° 33 '39 "10.0 5.51 52.3 g α + g
Pyxidis 08h 43m 36s -33 ° 11' 11" 3.68 8.05 98 g + azz
HD 77737 09h 03m 16s - 33 ° 36 '02 "7.15 8.16 b 13.7 + b ε
Pyxidis 09h 09m 57s -30 ° 21' 55" 5.56 9.25 b 17.8 + b
Variable Stars [edit]
Variable stars are a kind of compass inconspicuous, with the exception of some eclipsing variable, such as TY and VV Pyxidis Pyxidis, both oscillating between the sixth and seventh magnitude, and easily visible even with a small pair of binoculars, both during those in maximum to minimum. Main
variable stars [3] [1] [2]
Name
time J2000.0 equatorial coordinates
Magnitude
Period
(days) Type
AR
Dec
Max Min
S Pyxidis 09h 05m 05s -25 ° 05 '20 "8.0 14.3 206.10 Mireide
TY Pyxidis 08h 59m 43s -27 ° 58' 49 "6.85 7.50 3.1986 Eclipse
UZ Pyxidis 08h 46m 36s -29 ° 43 '41" 100 6.99 7.47: semiregular (carbon stars)
VV Pyxidis 08h 27m 33s -20 ° 50' 38 "6.57 7.05 4.5962 Eclipse
deep-sky objects [edit] Main article
Main entry Items no star in the constellation of the compass.
Despite the partial presence of the Milky Way, the constellation does not contain galactic objects particularly striking.
Among open clusters is the only affordable for small tools is NGC 2627, which contienene some stars of the tenth and eleventh magnitude. Main
non-stellar objects [4] [5] [2]
Name
time J2000.0 equatorial coordinates
Type Magnitude
apparent size (in arcminutes)
Names
AR
Dec
NGC 2613 08h 33m 23s -22 ° 58 '23 "Galaxy 10.6 7.2 x 1.8
NGC 2627 08h 37m 14s -29 ° 57 '01 "11 8.4 Open cluster Planetary Systems
[edit]
Among the stars with planetary systems confirmed the constellation is a red dwarf star located only 29 light years from the Sun, Gliese 317, confirmed the star has a planet with a mass greater than that of Jupiter orbiting at a distance similar to that which exists between the Earth and the Sun plus one unconfirmed second planet at a distance greater.
planetary systems [1]
System Name
time J2000.0 equatorial coordinates
Magnitude
type star
Number of planets
confirmed
AR
Dec
HD 73267 08h 36m 18s -34 ° 27 '36 "Nana yellow 8.90 1 (b) HD 73256
08h 36m 23s -30 ° 02' 15" Nana yellow 8.08 1 (b )
Gliese 317 08h 40m 59s -23 ° 27 '23 "12.0 red dwarf 2 (b - c)
Notes [edit]
1. ^ Abc Result for Various objects. SIMBAD. Retrieved on June 4, 2009.
2. ^ Abc Alan Hirshfeld, Roger W. Sinnott, Sky Catalogue 2000.0: Volume 2: Double Stars, Variable Stars and NonstellarObjects, Cambridge University Press, April 1985. ISBN 0-521-27721-3
3. ^ The International Variable Stars Index - AAVSO in Results for various stars. URL consultato il 20 giugno 2009.
4. ^ The NGC/IC Project Public Database in Results for various objects. URL consultato il 20 giugno 2009.
5. ^ NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database in Results for various stars. URL consultato il 20 ottobre 2006.
Bibliografia [modifica]
* (EN) Michael E. Bakich, The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations, Cambridge University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-521-44921-9
* (EN) Milton D. Heifetz; Wil Tirion, A Walk through the Heavens: A Guide to Stars and Constellations and their Legends, Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-54415-7
* AA.VV., Astronomia - From the Earth to the edge of the Universe, Fabbri Editori, 1991.
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